Class 10 English grammar syllabus and Hindi grammar for CBSE boards

Where grammar sits in the class 10 English paper

The English Language and Literature paper is out of 80, with 20 more marks of internal assessment in school. Grammar and writing share Section B.

So grammar alone is one eighth of the board paper, and accurate grammar also protects your writing and literature answers from losing marks for language errors.

Full class 10 English grammar syllabus, topic by topic

Determiners

• Articles (a, an, the) and when to drop them
• Quantifiers such as some, any, much, many, few, a few, little, a little
• Demonstratives and possessives (this, those, my, their), each and every, either and neither

Tenses

• Simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms in present, past and future
• Sequence of tenses in longer sentences and in short paragraphs

Modals

• Can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to, will, would, need, dare, used to
• Meaning in context: ability, permission, obligation, advice, possibility

Subject-verb concord

• Singular and plural subjects, collective nouns, either or and neither nor, each and every, subjects joined by along with or as well as

Reported speech

• Commands and requests (asked, ordered, requested, advised)
• Statements, with change of tense, pronoun and time words
• Questions, both yes or no and wh-questions, turned into reported form

How grammar questions are framed

The board uses three item types and lets you attempt 10 of the 12 items given.

• Gap filling: a sentence or short passage with a blank, often four options for the right modal, determiner or verb form.
• Editing: a line from a passage with one error; you identify it and write the correction.
• Transformation: mostly reported speech, where you complete a sentence that reports a dialogue, message or question.

A few examples of the kind you will face, written for practice:

1. Neither the coach nor the players ____ (was / were) ready for the rain delay.
2. Find the error: She has went to the market an hour ago.
3. Report the question: The doctor asked Meera, "Have you taken your medicine today?"

English Communicative (101) students: a longer list

If your school offers English Communicative instead of Language and Literature, the grammar block is also 10 marks, but the topic list is wider. Along with tenses, modals, concord, determiners and the three kinds of reported speech, it adds noun clauses, adverb clauses and relative clauses. Items include gap filling, editing or omission, and sentence reordering or transformation. Confirm the list in the Communicative curriculum for your session, as fewer schools run this course and details are revised quietly.

Class 10th Hindi grammar syllabus: Course A and Course B

Hindi Course A (code 002) has a practical grammar section worth 16 marks in the 80 mark theory paper. Recent curriculum documents list sentence types by structure and their transformation, pad parichay (parsing a word in a sentence) and figures of speech, specifically the arthalankar group: upma, roopak, utpreksha, atishyokti and manvikaran. Some session lists also include vachya (voice); check the current curriculum to see whether it is assessed. Hindi Course B (code 085) tests padbandh, sentence transformation by structure, samas and muhavare.

Expect brief items that test one rule each: change a simple sentence into a compound one, name the alankar in a line of poetry, or give the full parsing of an underlined word.

Class 10 Hindi grammar syllabus in Hindi

हिंदी अ में व्यावहारिक व्याकरण खंड 16 अंक का है। इसमें रचना के आधार पर वाक्य भेद और रचनांतरण, पद परिचय तथा अर्थालंकार (उपमा, रूपक, उत्प्रेक्षा, अतिशयोक्ति, मानवीकरण) पूछे जाते हैं। वाच्य इस सत्र में है या नहीं, यह नवीनतम पाठ्यक्रम में देखें। हिंदी ब में पदबंध, वाक्य रूपांतरण, समास और मुहावरे आते हैं। हर विषय के नियम छोटे नोट्स में लिखें और रोज़ दस वाक्यों का अभ्यास करें।

A six week grammar revision plan

1. Week 1: tenses, writing ten sentences a day in mixed forms.
2. Week 2: modals and determiners with short gap-fill drills.
3. Week 3: subject-verb concord, with special attention to either or and neither nor.
4. Week 4: reported speech, all three types.
5. Week 5: Hindi grammar topics, one per two days.
6. Week 6: timed Section B practice from sample papers, grammar and writing together in about 35 minutes.

Books and other pages to use

The NCERT English workbook and the board's sample papers are enough for most students. Your remaining subjects are covered in our CBSE class 10 syllabus, and practise past papers through class 10 previous year papers. Moving up next year? The class 12 grammar syllabus builds on these rules, and the school boards hub lists every board guide.